Ahena Boilers
Dry Combustion Units
CM Series Dry Combustors
The CM series combustors represent an advanced solution for hot flue gas production, combining a robust design with high energy performance. Thanks to their monoblock structure, these combustors ensure reliability, efficiency and flexibility, allowing customization based on specific customer requirements, required temperature and fuel type used.
Advanced Engineering Architecture
The design of CM combustors is characterized by a highly optimized monoblock structure, which can be customized based on:
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- Flue gas temperature required by the industrial process
- Physical-chemical characteristics of the fuel used
- Specific operational requirements of the application
All combustors are made with dry technology, using refractory materials with high alumina content, with an increased thickness thermal insulation system consisting of high-density insulating panels. This engineering solution ensures:
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- Excellent resistance to extreme thermal stress
- Significant extension of the useful life of critical structural components
- Reduction of thermal losses to the external environment
The structural configuration is further optimized through the integration of an internal arch and a calming chamber, design elements that:
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- Stabilize the flue gas path inside the combustion chamber
- Improve the overall efficiency of the combustion process
- Facilitate separation and ash extraction
- Increase the residence time of combustion gases in the high temperature zone
Configurable combustion systems
The CM series combustors offer two different combustion system configurations, selectable based on fuel characteristics and operational requirements:
1. Fixed Flat Grate System
2. Moving Step Grate System
Both configurations are made in a heavy "dry" carpentry structure, with refractories of high thermo-mechanical resistance and thick thermal insulation consisting of multilayer panels. The combustion chamber geometry can be customized with internal arch to optimize the flue gas path in co-current or counter-current regime, depending on the specific characteristics of the fuel. Additionally, each combustor is equipped with a vertical flue gas pass to increase residence time in the combustion chamber and allow ash to settle and be extracted.
Fuel feed systems
The CM generators are configurable with two different feed systems:
1. Mechanical screw system:
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- Compatible with biomass having particle sizes up to 30-50 mm
- Drive via gearmotor with speed control
- Above-grate feeding for moving grate system
- Underfeed type below grate for fixed grate system
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2. Hydraulic pusher system:
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- Suitable exclusively for moving grate system
- Indicated for heterogeneous fuels with particle size over 50mm
- Actuation via hydraulic cylinder
- Proportional fuel management based on required power
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The configuration of the feed system is selected during the design phase, based on the specific characteristics of the biomass available at the customer's plant.
Advanced Ash Management Systems
The engineering of CM combustors pays particular attention to the efficient management of combustion residues:
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- Integrated screw ash extraction system with strategically positioned collection points:
- Below grate, with water-cooled screw, for primary ash collection
- In the calming chamber, with water-cooled screw, for volatile ash extraction
- Below the grate (in the moving step version), for collecting percolated fines
- Integrated screw ash extraction system with strategically positioned collection points:
The multiple configuration of extraction points ensures:
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- Operational continuity even with high ash content fuels
- Significant reduction in routine maintenance interventions
- Optimization of combustion residue logistics management
Advanced Combustion Air Management
The combustion air distribution system is designed according to a zone approach:
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- Primary air: distributed under the grate in distinct zones, with independent flow regulation to optimize combustion
- Secondary air: injected through nozzles positioned on the side walls of the combustion chamber
- Tertiary air: Used for some fuels to achieve complete combustion and efficiency
- Integrated electronic control: based on residual oxygen sensors (lambda probes) and temperature, ensures constant maintenance of optimal combustion parameters, maximizing efficiency and minimizing emissions
The automatic air/fuel system regulation allows maintaining high efficiency even under partial load conditions, dynamically adapting to qualitative variations in fuel.
Optimal Industrial Applications
The CM series combustors find preferential application in industrial and production contexts characterized by:
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- Thermal processes requiring hot flue gases at high temperature
- Need for operational flexibility in handling fuels of variable quality
- Environmental sustainability objectives and energy cost containment
- Reliability and service continuity requirements
Main application sectors:
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- Industrial drying plants
- Wood processing industry
- Industrial thermal processes
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